As countries navigate the complexities of global supply chains, many overlook the full extent of their emissions, masking their true environmental impact. This is incredibly challenging in Asia and the Pacific, where data limitations and underreported emissions hinder climate action and efficient resource allocation. While advancements have been made in developing Environmentally Extended Multiregional Input-Output tables, current coverage still lacks sufficient detail for developing Asia.

The ADB's Environmentally Extended Multiregional Input-Output Tables (EE-MRIOTs) for Air Emissions address these gaps by reporting greenhouse gas emissions associated with production processes in both industries and households. Currently, the EE-MRIOTs are available for 2017 to 2022, covering 35 industries in 72 economies and the rest of the world, 29 of which are ADB regional members. The tables track emissions for four greenhouse gases – carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and fluorinated gases (F-gases)—across five major categories in national greenhouse gas inventories: Agriculture, Forestry, and Land Use (AFOLU); Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU); Energy; Waste; and Other Sectors.

The EE-MRIOTs are developed by integrating detailed greenhouse gas inventories from Crippa et al. (2024)¹ with data from energy balances, transport, and tourism accounts to produce estimates aligned with the System of National Accounts and System of Environmental-Economic Accounting principles. These tables help quantify the environmental impacts—specifically greenhouse gas emissions—associated with the production activities of different economic sectors. This approach enables a more granular industry-level analysis of the region's primary drivers of climate change, linking emissions with key economic variables such as gross output and value-added. 

The database allows for the direct calculation of residence-adjusted, production-based emissions associated with industries’ production processes. Combined with MRIOTs through input-output models, it can also yield estimates of emissions embodied in the end use of goods and services, enabling the assessment of consumption-based emissions.

Note: These tables are used in conjunction with the ADB multi-regional input-output tables found here. 

^1 Crippa, M., Guizzardi, D., Pagani, F., Banja, M., Muntean, M., Schaaf, E., Monforti-Ferrario, F., Becker, W.E., Quadrelli, R., Risquez Martin, A., Taghavi-Moharamli, P., Köykkä, J., Grassi, G., Rossi, S., Melo, J., Oom, D., Branco, A., San-Miguel, J., Manca, G., Pisoni, E., Vignati, E. and Pekar, F., GHG emissions of all world countries, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2024, doi:10.2760/4002897, JRC138862