Economic Globalization

Global Value Chains Indicators

The following tables contain global value chain (GVC) indicators calculated from the MRIO tables. The first set of tables use the gross exports decomposition framework of Borin and Mancini (2023) in measuring different aspects of GVCs, namely participation and average production length as well as related topics such as agglomeration, exports diversification, and revealed comparative advantage. The second set of tables present GVC participation indices based on the accounting framework of Borin, Mancini, and Taglioni (2021), which differs from the previous measures by distinguishing two-sided GVC participation from forward and backward participation. See the files under “Dictionaries” for a description of fields in each dataset and to map country and sector indexes to country and sector names. More information on the ADB’s GVC analytical framework can be found here.


The real effective exchange rate (REER) is also provided, which is a price index whose percent-change indicates how the prices of a country changed relative to its competitors. An increase in the REER means its prices have risen relative to its competitors, making its exports less competitive. A decrease in the REER, on the other hand, means they have become more competitive. REER values are computed using three methods: through gross trading patterns (“conventional”) and through the GVC-adjusted approaches of Bems & Johnson (2017; “bm”) and Patel, Wang, & Wei (2019; “pww”).

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